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Prevention
By Mayo Clinic staffYour best bet for preventing West Nile virus and other mosquito-borne illnesses is to avoid exposure to mosquitoes and eliminate mosquito-breeding sites. To help control West Nile virus:
- Eliminate standing water in your yard. Mosquitoes breed in pools of standing water.
- Unclog roof gutters.
- Empty unused swimming pools.
- Change water in birdbaths at least weekly.
- Remove old tires or any unused containers that might hold water and serve as a breeding place for mosquitoes.
To reduce your own exposure to mosquitoes:
- Avoid unnecessary outdoor activity when mosquitoes are most prevalent, such as at dawn, dusk and early evening.
- Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when you go into mosquito-infested areas.
- Apply mosquito repellent with DEET to your skin and clothing. Choose the concentration based on the hours of protection you need — the higher the percentage (concentration) of the active ingredient, the longer the repellent will work. Avoid using DEET on the hands of young children, in case they put their hands in their mouths, or on infants under 2 months of age. When outside, cover your infant's stroller or playpen with mosquito netting.
A vaccine is available to protect horses from West Nile virus. No vaccine is available for humans, but work to develop a human vaccine is under way.
- West Nile virus: Clinical description. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/clinicians/clindesc.htm. Accessed May 19, 2010.
- West Nile virus: Epidemiologic information for clinicians. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/clinicians/epi.htm. Accessed May 19, 2010.
- West Nile virus: Fact sheet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/resources/WNV_factsheet.pdf. Accessed May 19, 2010.
- Lindsey NP, et al. Surveillance for human West Nile virus disease - United States, 1999-2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2010;59:1.
- Questions and answers: Symptoms of West Nile virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/symptoms.htm. Accessed May 20, 2010.
- Petersen LR. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of West Nile virus infection. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed May 26, 2010.
- Petersen LR. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of West Nile virus infection. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed May 26, 2010.
- Petersen LR. Treatment and prevention of West Nile virus infection. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed May 26, 2010.
- Questions and answers: Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/prevention.htm. Accessed May 20, 2010.
- What you need to know about mosquito repellent. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/mosquitorepellent.htm. Accessed May 19, 2010.
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