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Vasodilators
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Vasodilators
Vasodilators treat a variety of conditions, including high blood pressure. Find out more about this class of medication.
By Mayo Clinic staffVasodilators are medications that open (dilate) blood vessels. They work directly on the muscles in the walls of your arteries, preventing the muscles from tightening and the walls from narrowing. As a result, blood flows more easily through your arteries, your heart doesn't have to pump as hard and your blood pressure is reduced.
Examples of vasodilators
Several vasodilators are available. Which one is best for you depends on your health and the condition being treated.
Examples of vasodilators include:
- Hydralazine
- Minoxidil (in pill form)
Uses for vasodilators
Doctors prescribe vasodilators to prevent, treat or improve symptoms in a variety of conditions, such as:
- High blood pressure
- High blood pressure during pregnancy or childbirth (preeclampsia or eclampsia)
- Heart failure
- High blood pressure that affects the arteries in your lungs (pulmonary hypertension)
Side effects and cautions
Vasodilators are strong medications and are generally used only as a last resort, when other medications haven't adequately controlled your blood pressure.
These medications have a number of side effects, some of which require taking other medications to counter those effects.
Side effects include:
- Chest pain
- Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
- Heart palpitations
- Fluid retention (edema)
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Dizziness
- Flushing
- Headache
- Nasal congestion
- Excessive hair growth
In addition, some vasodilators can increase your risk of developing lupus, a connective tissue disease.
- Vasodilators: Patient education. MD Consult. http://www.mdconsult.com. Accessed Nov. 18, 2008.
- Initial antihypertensive therapy: Drugdex Consults. Micromedex Healthcare Series. http://www.micromedex.com/. Accessed Nov. 12, 2008.
- Blood pressure-lowering drugs. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=159. Accessed Nov. 12, 2008.
- Sheps SG, ed. Mayo Clinic 5 Steps to Controlling High Blood Pressure. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2008:190.
