我 3 岁的儿子得过两次链球菌性咽喉炎。这正常吗?是否应该担心?
回答 Elizabeth Ristagno, M.D.
复发性链球菌性咽喉炎不太可能是儿童免疫系统潜在问题的征兆。反复感染链球菌性咽喉炎的儿童,可能曾与家里或托儿所的链球菌携带者接触,或者他们本身就是链球菌携带者。链球菌携带者是指携带可致链球菌感染的细菌但并未出现症状的人。
链球菌性咽喉炎是由名为化脓性链球菌(也称为 A 组链球菌)的细菌所引起的感染。链球菌性咽喉炎可能发生在任何年龄,甚至婴儿期。但是,链球菌性咽喉炎在学龄儿童中最为常见。
链球菌性咽喉炎患儿可能有以下体征和症状:
- 易激惹
- 发热
- 拒绝进食
- 颈部腺体肿胀
- 扁桃体或咽喉红肿
- 头痛
- 胃痛
- 恶心或呕吐
- 躯干、手臂和腿部出现细小的红疹
通常不建议 3 岁以下的儿童接受链球菌性咽喉炎检查,因为这种感染在这个年龄层的儿童中不常发生。链球菌性咽喉炎可通过快速抗原检测、分子检测(PCR)或咽拭子细菌培养进行诊断。
链球菌性咽喉炎通常采用抗生素进行治疗。复发性链球菌性咽喉炎可采用不同于最初处方的抗生素进行治疗。某些情况下,手术切除扁桃体(扁桃体切除术)可能是最合适的治疗方法。
With
Elizabeth Ristagno, M.D.
显示参考文献
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June 27, 2023Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/expert-answers/strep-throat/faq-20058524