概述

头皮屑是导致头皮皮肤剥落的常见病症。该疾病不具传染性,也不严重。但可能令人尴尬且难治。

轻度头皮屑可以通过日常使用温和的洗发水来治疗。如果这类洗发水不起作用,那么药用洗发水可能会有帮助。症状可能会复发。

头皮屑是一种轻度脂溢性皮炎。

症状

头皮屑的体征和症状可能包括:

  • 头皮、头发、眉毛、胡须、肩膀上有皮肤碎屑
  • 头皮发痒
  • 有乳痂的婴幼儿头皮上有鳞屑和硬壳

如果您压力大,这些体征和症状可能会加重,而且往往在寒冷、干燥的季节恶化。

何时就诊

大多数有头皮屑的人不需要医生护理。如果您的病情在常规使用去屑洗发水后没有改善,请咨询初级保健医生或皮肤科医生。

病因

头皮屑可能有多种诱因,包括:

  • 头皮受刺激、油性皮肤
  • 皮肤干燥
  • 酵母状真菌(马拉色菌属),以大多数成人头皮上的油脂为食
  • 对护发产品敏感(接触性皮炎)
  • 其他皮肤疾病,如银屑病和湿疹

风险因素

几乎所有人都有头皮屑,但某些因素会让您更容易出现这种状况:

  • 年龄。头皮屑通常开始于青年期,并持续到中年。但这并不意味老年人不会患有头皮屑。有些人可能终生都要面对头皮屑问题。
  • 男性。相比女性,头皮屑更常见于男性。
  • 某些疾病。帕金森病和其他累及神经系统的疾病似乎也会增加头皮屑的风险。感染 HIV 或免疫系统低下也会增加这种风险。

Aug. 25, 2023
  1. Borda LJ, et al. Seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff: A comprehensive review. Journal of Clinical and Investigative Dermatology. 2015; 3:1.
  2. Dandruff: How to treat. American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/public/skin-hair-nails/hair-care/how-to-treat-dandruff. Accessed July 12, 2019.
  3. Tea tree oil. Natural Medicines Database. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. Accessed June 7, 2019.
  4. Sasseville D. Seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 12, 2019.
  5. Kermott CA, et al., eds. Dandruff. In: Mayo Clinic Book of Home Remedies. 2nd ed. Time; 2017.
  6. Dandruff. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. http://www.aocd.org/page/Dandruff. Accessed July 12, 2019.
  7. Kang S, et al., eds. Cosmeceuticals and skin care in dermatology. In: Fitzpatrick's Dermatology. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2019. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed July 23, 2019.
  8. High WA, et al., eds. Special considerations in skin of color. In: Dermatology Secrets. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 5, 2021.
  9. Kelly AP, et al. Pediatrics. In: Taylor and Kelly's Dermatology for Skin of Color. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Education; 2016. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed May 27, 2021.
  10. James WD. Seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, recalcitrant palmoplantar eruptions, pustular dermatitis, and erythroderma. In: Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 17, 2020.