刺伤（如踩到钉子）通常不会引起大量出血。但这些伤口往往很深，而且有感染的危险。

对刺伤的处理：

1. 洗手。这有助于预防感染。
2. 止血。用干净的绷带或布轻轻按压。
3. 清洗伤口。用清水冲洗伤口 5 到 10 分钟。如果伤口中残留污垢或碎屑，用毛巾轻轻擦拭干净。如果您无法清除所有污垢或碎屑，请就医。
4. 涂抹药膏。涂上一层薄薄的抗生素乳膏或软膏（Neosporin、Polysporin）。在最初两天，在更换敷料时重新清洗患处并重新涂抹抗生素。有些药膏中的某些成分会导致某些人出现轻微皮疹。如果出现皮疹，请停止使用该产品并就医。可能对抗生素乳膏或软膏过敏者可以使用矿脂（凡士林）。
5. 包扎伤口。绷带有助于保持伤口清洁。
6. 更换敷料。每天更换绷带或绷带变湿或变脏时予以更换。
7. 检查是否有感染体征。如果伤口未愈合，或发现疼痛、脓液、肿胀或发热加剧，请及时就医。红肿扩散是一项感染体征。在棕色或黑色皮肤上可能看不见发红，或者感染的条纹看起来呈紫灰色，或者比平时的肤色更深。

在伤口出现感染体征时应就医。感染迹象的示例包括：

• 发热。
• 伤口周围发红、肿胀、发热或疼痛加剧。
• 伤口散发出恶臭。
• 伤口流脓。
• 伤口周围或手臂或腿部出现红色条纹。

立即就医

如果您的伤口出现以下情况，请立即就医：

• 直接按压几分钟后仍有出血。
• 被动物或人咬伤。
• 又深又脏。
• 伤口由金属物体造成。
• 深及头部、颈部、阴囊、胸部或腹部。
• 在关节上方且可能很深。
• 受到攻击或实施自杀行为所致。

如果您在过去五年中未接种过破伤风疫苗，并且伤口较深或较脏，医疗护理专业人员可能会建议您接种加强针。您应在受伤后 48 小时内接种加强针。

如果伤口是由猫或狗造成，尽力确认猫或狗是否接种了最新的狂犬病疫苗。如果是由野生动物造成的，请向医生咨询哪些动物最有可能携带狂犬病病毒。

Treatment

To take care of a puncture wound:

1. Wash your hands. This helps prevent infection.
2. Stop the bleeding. Apply gentle pressure with a clean bandage or cloth.
3. Clean the wound. Rinse the wound with clear water for 5 to 10 minutes. If dirt or debris remains in the wound, use a washcloth to gently scrub it off. See your health care team if you can't remove all of the dirt or debris.
4. Apply an ointment. Apply a thin layer of an antibiotic cream or ointment (Neosporin, Polysporin). For the first two days, rewash the area and reapply the antibiotic when you change the dressing. Certain ingredients in some ointments can cause a mild rash in some people. If a rash appears, stop using the product and seek medical care. For those people who could have an allergic reaction to antibiotic cream or ointment, petroleum jelly (Vaseline) may be used.
5. Cover the wound. Bandages help keep the wound clean.
6. Change the dressing. Do this daily or whenever the bandage becomes wet or dirty.
7. Watch for signs of infection. See a doctor if the wound isn't healing or you notice any increasing pain, pus, swelling or fever. Spreading redness is a sign of infection. You may not be able to see redness on brown or Black skin, or the infection's streaks may look purplish-gray or darker than your usual skin color.

When to seek emergency help

Get medical help at once if your wound:

• Keeps bleeding after a few minutes of direct pressure.
• Is due to an animal or human bite.
• Is deep and dirty.
• Is caused by a metal object.
• Is deep and to the head, neck, scrotum, chest or abdomen.
• Is over a joint and could be deep.
• Is due to an assault or attempted suicide.

When to call your doctor

Seek medical care if your wound shows signs of infection, such as:

• Fever.
• Redness, swelling, warmth or increasing pain around the wound.
• Bad smell coming from the wound.
• Pus coming out of the wound.
• Red streaks around the wound or going up your arm or leg.

If you haven't had a tetanus shot in the past five years and the wound is deep or dirty, your health care professional may recommend a booster. You should have a booster shot within 48 hours of your injury.

If the wound was caused by a cat or a dog, try to confirm that its rabies vaccination is up to date. If it was caused by a wild animal, seek advice from your doctor about which animals are most likely to carry rabies.

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April 24, 2024