来自妙佑医疗国际员工

对于严重出血，应采取下列急救措施。

  • 如果伤口很深或不确定伤口的严重程度，请拨打 911 或当地急救电话。除非是为了避免进一步受伤而不得为之，否则切勿擅自移动伤者。

    检查伤口源头之前，请佩戴一次性手套及其他个人防护设备（如有）。

  • 清除伤口上的任何衣物或碎屑。寻找出血的源头。可能有多处损伤。清除任何明显的碎屑，但不要试图清洗伤口。不要取出较大或深嵌的物体，也不要探测伤口。

  • 止血。用无菌纱布或干净的布块覆盖伤口。用手掌紧紧按住，直到出血停止。但不要压在眼部损伤或嵌入的物体上。如果您怀疑有颅骨骨折，不要按压头部伤口。

    用厚绷带或干净的布块和胶带包扎伤口。如有可能，将伤口抬高至心脏水平以上。

  • 帮助伤者躺下。如果可能的话，把人放在地毯或毛毯上，以防止散失体温。如果您发现伤者出现休克体征，例如虚弱、皮肤湿冷或脉搏加快，请抬高其双脚。冷静地安抚伤者。
  • 根据需要，添加更多绷带。如果血液渗出绷带，在现有绷带上再加些纱布或布块。然后继续用力按压该区域。

  • 止血带：止血带对控制危及生命的肢体出血有效。如有市售止血带并且您接受过使用止血带的培训，您可以视需要使用止血带。不要将围巾或皮带等用作简易的止血带。

    当紧急救援人员到达时，告诉他们止血带已绑多长时间。

  • 让伤者原地不动。如果您在等待紧急救援人员的到来，尽量不要让伤者移动。

    如果您还没有呼叫紧急救援，请尽快将伤者送到急诊室。

  • 洗手。帮助伤者后，请清洗双手，即使手上看似并未沾到任何血液亦不例外。

When to seek emergency help

Call 911 or your local emergency number if the wound is deep or you're not sure how serious it is. Don't move the injured person except if needed to avoid further injury.

Treatment

For severe bleeding, take these first-aid steps.

  • Before checking for the source of the wound, put on disposable gloves and other personal protective equipment if you have them.
  • Remove any clothing or debris from the wound. Look for the source of the bleeding. There could be more than one injury. Remove any obvious debris but don't try to clean the wound.

  • Stop the bleeding. Cover the wound with sterile gauze or a clean cloth. Press on it firmly with the palm of your hand until bleeding stops.

    Wrap the wound with a thick bandage or clean cloth and tape. Lift the wound above heart level if possible.

  • Help the injured person lie down. If possible, place the person on a rug or blanket to prevent loss of body heat. Elevate the feet if you notice signs of shock, such as weakness, clammy skin or a rapid pulse. Calmly reassure the injured person.
  • Add more bandages as needed. If the blood seeps through the bandage, add more gauze or cloth on top of the existing bandage. Then keep pressing firmly on the area.

  • Tourniquets: A tourniquet is effective in controlling life-threatening bleeding from a limb. If needed, apply a commercially made tourniquet if it's available and you're trained in how to use it.

    When emergency help arrives, tell them how long the tourniquet has been in place.

  • Keep the person still. If you're waiting for emergency help to arrive, try to keep the injured person from moving.

    If you haven't called for emergency help, get the injured person to an emergency room as soon as possible.

  • Wash your hands. After helping the injured person, wash your hands, even if it doesn't look like any blood got on your hands.

What to avoid

  • Don't remove large or deeply embedded objects.
  • Don't probe the wound.
  • Don't press on an eye injury or embedded object.
  • Don't press on a head wound if you suspect a skull fracture.
  • Don't use an improvised tourniquet, such as a scarf or a belt.
May 01, 2024